Just west of Piazza Duomo, a group of buildings offers a splendid example of the development of civil architecture in Milano from the Middle Ages to the 1600s. Piazza Mercanti is home to the Palazzo della Ragione (1228), the greatest architectural remnant of Milano’s communal period. Across the piazza stands the elegant Loggia degli Osii (1316), in black and white marble, commissioned by Matteo Visconti. Next to this stands the Palazzo delle Scuole Palatine, built by Carlo Buzzi in 1644-45. Completing the scene are the remains of Casa dei Panigarola, built in the 1400s and once the location of the Statutes Offices. Located at number Via Mercanti 2 is the Palazzo dei Giureconsulti, which Pope Pius IV, formerly Cardinal Angelo Maria Medici of Milano, commissioned during the late Renaissance (1561). The core of the clock tower, within the Napo Tower facade, dates back to 1272 and was incorporated into the complex in 1601.